Concentrated feed processing, the most scientific beef cattle feed processing technology

The concentrate feeds commonly used by beef cattle mainly include corn, barley, wheat, sorghum, etc., which are high in starch content. The feeding methods commonly used in the past were whole grain feeding or ground feeding, but now the processing methods such as pressing sheet, extrusion, baking and explosion can be selected.

1. The tablet

There are two methods of pressing tablets: dry rolling tablets and steam pressing tablets. Dry rolling tablet is to crush grain into small pieces with a roll stick, which is mostly used for processing corn and sorghum. Steam pressure tablet is the first grain with steam treatment for 30 ~ 60 minutes, the water content of 18% ~ 20%, and then use the pressure roller pressure tablet, suitable for a variety of grains. The main characteristic of the steam-pressing plate is that the molecular structure of starch in grain is changed, which makes it easy to accept the action of enzyme, the digestibility is improved, the nutritional value of non-starch organic matter is also increased by 10%, at the same time, the rumen-passed starch and rumen-passed protein are also increased, and the feed utilization rate is also improved. The feed intake and feed/meat ratio of beef cattle decreased by about 10% compared with dry-rolling tablets, but the daily gain of beef cattle was not affected by steam pressing tablets, and then the weight gain rate of house feeding beef cattle increased.

The results showed that 360 kg/m 3 was suitable for the density of the steam-pressed corn and sorghum. If the density of steam pressed sorghum decreased from 360 kg/m 3 to 260 ~ 280 kg/m 3, the feed intake and daily gain of beef cattle decreased by 5%, while the feed conversion rate and ketone body quality were not affected. When beef cattle were fed high concentrate diet (concentrate accounted for more than 90%), the feed conversion rate could be increased by 8% ~ 10% by adding thin slices of corn compared with thick slices of corn. Substituting laminated sorghum for milled sorghum can increase feed conversion rate by 5% ~ 10%.

2. Squeeze

Squash is a process in which dry grain is pushed through progressively tapering spiral holes. Under the action of friction and pressure, the grain heats up and emerges from the outlet as a strip of thin sheet. The feeding effect of extruded grain is similar to that of steam-pressed grain, but the obvious advantage of extruded grain is that two or more grains can be mixed together to produce stable quality feed products.

3. The baking

Put the grain into the oven, through the roller rotation, the grain repeatedly pulsating heating, and finally through the roller from the chute slide out. The baked grain, which is brownish like bread and slightly caramelized, is 10 percent lighter than its original weight. The results showed that compared with unroasted corn kernels, the feed of roasted corn can increase the feeding value of the diet by about 10%, and the weight gain of beef cattle can also increase by 5%-14%.

4. The popcorn

When dried grains (mainly sorghum, maize and wheat) are placed in a machine and treated at high temperatures (371 to 426 ° C) for 15 to 30 seconds, their starch particles dilate. When fed to beef cattle, the effect of popping grain added with a small amount of water was similar to that of pressed grain. The cost of fireworks processing is slightly lower than that of pressing tablets, and the large fireworks machine can handle 3 ~ 4 tons of grain per hour.